Volume 2, no. 2 (2021)
Urban Identities – Renewal and Heritage (Part II)
Róbert Balogh and Csaba Zahorán
Special Editors of the Thematic Issue
Published on 20 February 2022
Contents
Articles
Alica Kurhajcová
From Monarchy to Republic: Symbolic Assumption of Power in Zvolen County’s Towns as Reflected in Memorial Culture
The main goal of the paper is to detect the creation and enhancement of the new Czechoslovak statehood and the Czechoslovak, let us say, the Slovak national identity after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The paper aimes at demonstrating and comparing the practice of the symbolic assumption and establishment of power via the example of memorial culture in public spaces in the territory of the most significant towns located in Zvolen county (Banská Bystrica, Brezno and Zvolen). There are also partial aims: namely, to make the reader acquainted with the form and symbolism in three distinct periods: before 1918, subsequently in the first years of integration of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia until 1920 or 1921, and finally in the first decade of the republic´s existence. Following the behavioral patterns of communal elites and inhabitants of these towns, facing new reality, it is also possible to take into consideration the social psychological processes such as acceptance, integration, adaptation, resistance, continuity, discontinuity, which were typical for the initial decade of the First Czechoslovak Republic´s establishment. Finally, yet importantly, it is possible to examine their attitude towards history and cultural heritage of their town.
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Babják, Juraj. “Osudy pomníkov po roku 1918.” Historická revue 19, no. 10 (2008): 38-40.
Babják, Juraj. “Pomníky a sochy Milana Rastislava Štefánika vystavané na Slovensku v období rokov 1919 – 1945 a slávnosti ich odhalenia.” In Slovensko v labyrinte moderných európskych dejín. Pocta historikov Milanovi Zemkovi, edited by Michálek, Slavomír. Bratislava: 2014. 83-104.
Bácskai, Vera. “Historiografia miest – hlavné trendy a súčasná situácia v Európe.” In Kapitoly z dejín Bratislavy, edited by Czoch, Gábor, Kocsis Aranka, and Tóth Árpád. Bratislava: 2006. 15-23.
Balassa, Zoltán. “Egy Rákóczi-szobor „utazásai“ – Zólyomtól Borsiig.” Gömörország 4, no. 3 (2003): 9-11.
Bánik, Juraj. “VI. Slobodné a kráľovské mesto Zvolen (Opis historicko-topografický).” In Národní kalendár na obyčajný, 365 dní majúci rok po narodení Krista Pána 1867. Banská Bystrica: 1866.
Burkovský, Július and Eva Furdíková. Život zasvätený lesu. Jozef Dekret Matejovie (1774 – 1841) v historickom a súčasnom povedomí. Banská Bystrica – Zvolen: 2019.
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Kazanský, Rastislav. “Integrácia stredného Slovenska do 1. ČSR. (Vybrané aspekty konfliktu s Maďarskom v rokoch 1918-1919).” In Historické špecifiká stredného Slovenska v rokoch 1918–1938, edited by Mičko, Peter. Banská Bystrica: 2008. 7-40.
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Kurhajcová, Alica. “Príklad dominancie či marginalizácie historickej pamäti Slovákov? Národné oslavy vo verejnom priestore stredoslovenských miest v období dualizmu.” In Paměť – národ – menšiny – marginalizace – identity I, edited by Soukupová, Blanka, Nosková, Helena and Bednařík Petr. Praha: 2013. 113-122.
Kurhajcová, Alica. “Od monarchie k republike: symbolické utváranie verejného priestoru a “nových identít” na príklade Banskej Bystrice (1918 – 1922).” Historie – Otázky – Problémy 8, no.1 (2016): 33-50.
Kurhajcová, Alica. “Dominancia a marginalizácia historickej pamäti v Uhorsku (na príklade pomníkovej kultúry Slovákov).” Český časopis historický 116, no. 3 (2018). 764-786.
Kurhajcová, Alica. Nyilvános ünnepségek és történelmi emlékezet Magyarországon (1867 – 1914): Besztercebánya, Zólyom, Losonc és Rimaszombat példáján. Békéscsaba: 2018.
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Lipták, Ľubomir. “The Urban Middle Class in Slovakia after 1918.” In Changes of Changes. Society and Politics in Slovakia in the 20th Century. Bratislava: 2002.
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Zoltán Bereczki – Éva Lovra
Tears in the Fabric of Cities in the Socialist Successor States of Austria-Hungary after World War II
It is needed to reinterpret the concept of plots and internal systems in the context of urban structure and the built environment due to the urban planning decisions of the 20th century. The study deals with tears of historic urban tissues (roads, new urban structures), and settlement-like or individual enclaves of buildings in the post-World War II period. In the focus of the research methodology and criteria system of discussed in the study stands the street network (space syntax), the plot structure (urban morphology) and the construction, i.e. the relationship between buildings and open spaces (space syntax: convex analysis, visibility analysis; urban morphology). The criteria system, even the city itself, has several layers. The study of the three cities that once belonged to the Austria-Hungary, Miskolc, Košice (SK) and Subotica (RS), reveals the location- and country-specific nature of the structural changes and can provide a basis for further studies.
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Dana Kušnírová
From City to Agglomeration: Socialist Industrialization and Development of City Limits in Košice, Slovakia 1945-1989
The City of Košice, which is currently the second largest in Slovakia, underwent an exponential territorial growth during the second half of the 20th century. The reason behind it was the industrialization of East Slovakia as part of the Czechoslovakian government program after the Second World War. City was chosen as the centre of a new industrial area in eastern Slovakia following the Czechoslovakian communist coup d’etat and the culmination of Cold War at the end of 1940s. This included the relocation and extension of already existing, nationalized old factories or the localization of new ones, most notably East Slovakian Iron-works. Inevitably, many new housing estates needed to be built to accommodate workers with their families, causing the expansion of the city borders in all directions. Part of this process happened via the annexation of the neighbouring villages, when connected with Košice, sometimes even involuntary. The paper maps the development and change of Košiceʾs borders using archival sources, maps, research results by regional historians and daily press.
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Klara Kohoutová
Approaching the Relationship between Democracy and Populism: Grass-Roots to Literature
Populism is one of the most commonly used terms in political and journalistic practices. Political leaders use it to gain votes or power. The main goal of populism is to mobilize the society for electoral victory. Electoral gain is therefore an essential criterion for success. In recent years, the number of populist movements has been rising around Europe at a rocket pace. While at the beginning of the millennium populist movements did not enjoy great popularity, today, a quarter of the European population believes in them. What has changed? Why are populist views so popular today? Many Czechs and Slovaks would be willing to leave the European Union and give up part of their freedom for stability. How to protect democracy? How to prevent political systems from falling back into the clutches of undemocratic forces? History has many lessons for us.
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